Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface - Issue - Wiley Online Library

Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface

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Volume 119, Issue 10

October 2014
Pages i–iii, 2079–2313

Issue Information

Issue Information

Authors
First Published:: 20 November 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: i–iii
DOI:: 10.1002/jgrf.20225

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Research Articles

Numerical evaluation of the effects of planform geometry and inflow conditions on flow, turbulence structure, and bed shear velocity at a stream confluence with a concordant bed

Authors: George Constantinescu, Shinjiro Miyawaki, Bruce Rhoads, Alexander Sukhodolov
First Published:: 1 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2079–2097
DOI:: 10.1002/2014JF003244

Key Points

Tributary angle influence flow and turbulence structure at confluences
SOV cells can form even at confluences with a small angle
Mixing interface can change from wake mode to KH mode

Visible, near‐infrared spectrometry for simultaneous assessment of geophysical sediment properties (water and grain size) using the Spectral Derivative–Modified Gaussian Model

Authors: C. Verpoorter, V. Carrère, J.‐P. Combe
First Published:: 2 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2098–2122
DOI:: 10.1002/2013JF002969

Key Points

We model geophysical properties of sediments using SD‐MGM
SD‐MGM continuum is an indicator of water content and grain size
Water types of natural sediment may be retrieved using the Gaussian analysis

Open Access

Interaction among alluvial cover, bed roughness, and incision rate in purely bedrock and alluvial‐bedrock channel

Authors: Takuya Inoue, Norihiro Izumi, Yasuyuki Shimizu, Gary Parker
First Published:: 29 September 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2123–2146
DOI:: 10.1002/2014JF003133

Key Points

Field experiments in a channel excavated into a natural bedrock channel
A physically based model for both cover fraction and incisional morphodynamics
Our model considers interaction between cover, roughness, and transport capacity

A surface roughness model for predicting alluvial cover and bed load transport rate in bedrock channels

Authors: Joel P. L. Johnson
First Published:: 9 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2147–2173
DOI:: 10.1002/2013JF003000

Key Points

Surface roughness influences the extent of alluvial cover in bedrock channels
The proposed model can predict both gradual and runaway alluviation
Sediment supplied from the bed may impose a linear cover‐flux relation

River basin organization around the main stem: Scale invariance in tributary branching and the incremental area function

Authors: Chandana Gangodagamage, Efi Foufoula‐Georgiou, Patrick Belmont
First Published:: 13 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2174–2193
DOI:: 10.1002/2014JF003304

Key Points

Examine the probabilistic structure of incremental drainage area
Relate the main stem incremental area function to the width function
Quantify the spatial heterogeneity of environmental fluxes

Structural evolution triggers a dynamic reduction in active glacier length during rapid retreat: Evidence from Falljökull, SE Iceland

Authors: Emrys Phillips, Andrew Finlayson, Tom Bradwell, Jez Everest, Lee Jones
First Published:: 15 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2194–2208
DOI:: 10.1002/2014JF003165

Key Points

Rapid reduction in active glacier length during retreat
Thrusting of detached active section over the stagnant lower section
Structural response allows rapid reequilibration to changes in mass balance

Open Access

A physical model for seismic noise generation by turbulent flow in rivers

Authors: Florent Gimbert, Victor C. Tsai, Michael P. Lamb
First Published:: 16 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2209–2238
DOI:: 10.1002/2014JF003201

Key Points

Seismic records near rivers are sensitive to turbulent flow velocities
Our model allows separating bedload from turbulent flow induced noise
For an identified turbulent flow signal, riverbed stress can be inverted

Wavelength selection and symmetry breaking in orbital wave ripples

Authors: Jaap H. Nienhuis, J. Taylor Perron, Justin C. T. Kao, Paul M. Myrow
First Published:: 20 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2239–2257
DOI:: 10.1002/2014JF003158

Key Points

Maximum flow separation length sets equilibrium orbital ripple wavelength
Equilibrium ripple wavelength maximizes upslope sand flux by separation vortices
Fluid dynamical effects break the symmetry of transiently adjusting ripples

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Caterpillar‐like ice motion in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet

Authors: C. Ryser, M. P. Lüthi, L. C. Andrews, G. A. Catania, M. Funk, R. Hawley, M. Hoffman, T. A. Neumann
First Published:: 22 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2258–2271
DOI:: 10.1002/2013JF003067

Key Points

Diurnal and longer‐term variations in ice deformation during summer
Variations are a reaction to nonlocal changes in basal slipperiness
Out‐of‐phase behavior of subglacial water pressure and surface velocity

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A two‐phase mechanical model for rock‐ice avalanches

Authors: Shiva P. Pudasaini, Michael Krautblatter
First Published:: 23 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2272–2290
DOI:: 10.1002/2014JF003183

Key Points

Process‐transformation makes rock‐ice avalanches different from rock avalanches
Two‐phase mechanical model for dynamic strength weakening enhances flow mobility
Internal mass and momentum exchange generate frontal surge head and secondary surges

Comparing drag partition schemes over a herbaceous Sahelian rangeland

Authors: C. Pierre, G. Bergametti, B. Marticorena, L. Kergoat, E. Mougin, P. Hiernaux
First Published:: 29 October 2014
Vol:: 119,
Pages:: 2291–2313
DOI:: 10.1002/2014JF003177

Key Points

Drag partition schemes are compared for a typical Sahelian herbaceous rangeland
Seasonality of the shear velocity ratio is driven by the grass patch dynamics
Simulated dust emissions are similar regardless of the drag partition scheme

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